The vibration caused by subway will adversely affect the adjacent buildings. Based on the background of a modern historical protection building along the newly-built subway line， a fine three-dimensional finite element model of "tunnel-soil-protection building" is established based on relevant parameters and measured data， and the vibration response of the building during subway operation is analyzed. The damping effect is quantitatively analyzed and the parameters are optimized from two aspects of vibration source damping and process damping. The results show that the vibration of the building exceeds the limit when no vibration reduction and isolation measures are taken. The vibration reduction effect of the optimized track type is the most remarkable. When the elastic long sleeper track is used， the Z vibration level of the structure can be reduced by 8.2 dB and 11.2 dB， and the Z vibration level can be reduced by 14.9~18.9 dB by using steel spring floating plate track. Among the vibration isolation measures in the process， the performance of the vibration isolation wall is the most sensitive to the characteristics of the wall material， followed by the depth and thickness. The properties of the wall material have a great influence on the vibration isolation performance， among which the EPE foam wall has the best vibration isolation effect， which can reduce the Z vibration level of the structure by 10.6 to 11.5dB， and the peak horizontal velocity is about 75%. Increasing the thickness of the wall can improve the vibration isolation performance to a certain extent， but the vibration isolation effect is not significant. Finally， a fast prediction method for calculating the isolation effect of diaphragm wall is proposed， which can provide a reference for the vibration analysis of similar projects and the design of vibration reduction measures.