Reusable launch vehicles are the most effective means and prerequisite to greatly reduce the cost of space launch and realize large-scale space applications. Fault diagnosis can improve the reliability, overall safety and sustainability of reusable engines. For all kinds of current diagnosis methods, the lack of a standard engine fault database for unified test and evaluation restricts the theoretical research and engineering application of liquid rocket engine fault diagnosis technology. In order to solve the above problems, mathematical modeling and fault simulation experiments were carried out, and the obtained experimental data set was released to scholars around the world. The data set contains 19 engine signals under 10 operating conditions, including normal operating conditions and valve failure, combustion chamber failure, gas generator line failure, turbo pump failure and other fault conditions. The data set has rich fault types and detailed recorded information, which can provide fresh data support for the fault diagnosis research of liquid rocket engine and help the progress and development of reusable launch vehicle technology.