An analytical model for vertical vibration of the moving vehicle-ballasted track-subgrade-layered ground coupling system is established with taking into consideration of track random irregularities. The pseudo-excitation method and the analytical method of wavenumber-frequency domain are effectively combined to derive the accurate dynamic wheel-rail force power spectrum by directly employing the power spectral density of track irregularity.Based on supposing that both the moving axle loads and the dynamic wheel-rail forces induced by track random irregularities can be expressed in form of Fourier series, the power spectral density estimates and time histories of ground vibration are obtained according to the superposition principle of linear systems. The computation efficiency of power spectrum and time history of random vibration is remarkbly improved by using such techniques as directly computing the displacement spectrum in wavenumber domain and properly dividing the adaptive interval of harmonic wave. The proposed analytical model is validated by conducting camparison between the theoretical calculation results and the experimental results of the time histories and spectra of vertical acceleration of ground surface points.