Core loosening is one of the main mechanical faults of high voltage shunt reactor under long-term vibration effect. The defect diagnosis by single-point vibration signal analysis method has some drawbacks such as difficult selection of test points and non-typical data. The above problems can be effectively avoided by using vibration sensor array. This paper introduces the vibration mechanism of core of shunt reactor based on mass-spring model. Vibration test platform of high voltage shunt reactor, established the test scheme of vibration morphology of high voltage shunt reactor tank, obtained the vibration morphology of high voltage shunt reactor tank surface under each frequency component, and analyzed the influence of voltage and core loosening on the vibration morphology of high voltage shunt reactor tank surface. A new method based on texture feature extraction in image morphology is presented. The feature extraction algorithm of the vibration intensity symbiosis matrix is applied to a 10 kV shunt reactor model with a fixed core and different loosening states to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.