Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is currently one of the most widely additive manufacturing technologies, capable of manufacturing solid models of almost any geometric shape. However, the layer-by-layer manufacturing process has obvious limitations on the surface quality of FFF products. Therefore, a new method to improve the surface quality of FFF products by using different waveforms vibration is proposed. Firstly, the modification of vibrating FFF equipment is completed, and the products are prepared by different forms of vibration (sine wave, square wave and triangular wave); Then, based on the bonding neck forming process, a theoretical model of surface roughness of FFF products processed by different waveforms vibration is established; The experimental study on the surface roughness of FFF products was completed by using the laser microscope, and the influence of different waveforms vibration on the surface roughness was determined. Finally, the correctness of the model was verified by comparing and analyzing the theory and experimental results, and the mechanism of using different vibration waveforms to improve the surface quality of FFF products was clarified.