The paper presents a feedback direct robust adaptive micro-vibration control algorithm for rejection of multiple unknown and time-varying narrowband disturbances. This algorithm is based on the internal model principle and uses Y-K parameterization method. It solves the problem of the parameter design of centre robust controller effectively when the model of secondary path is unknown. Meanwhile, a new variable step size least mean square (VSSLMS) method is proposed, and the advantages of the proposed VSSLMS method compared with other VSSLMS methods is verified by system identification. In the end, the active micro-vibration real-time control experiments are carried out through an active micro-vibration control system. The effect of the filtered-x least mean square (LMS), the robust adaptive control algorithm based LMS and the robust adaptive control algorithm based VSSLMS are verified by experimental comparison. The results of experiments show that the proposed feedback robust adaptive control algorithm has the best performance compared with the other control algorithms under various disturbances.