An improved method for analyzing the damage probability of monopile offshore wind turbines under the action of typhoons is presented. The method contains four steps. Firstly，the typhoon wind hazard is estimated，and the wind and wave intensity at the monopile offshore fan is determined according to the simulated hurricanes. Secondly，the wind and wave loads are applied to the monopile wind turbine，and the probability distribution curves of the extreme responses for the tower and pile foundation are obtained. Thirdly，the probability distribution curve of bearing capacity is obtained based on nonlinear buckling analysis. Finally，the failure probability of structure under the yield or bucking mode is obtained by combining with the yield fragility curves or buckling fragility curves. At the same time，this paper analyzes the vulnerability of NREL 5 MW wind turbine based on the wind and wave characteristics of a wind farm in Jiangsu. The analysis results can be used by engineers to improve the anti-typhoon performance of the wind turbine.