In order to explore the motion law of the internal components of the faulty bearing，taking the axle box bearing of the high-speed train as the research object，the bearing dynamic model of the outer ring raceway peeling fault is established by using the multi-body dynamics analysis software ADAMS. The model comprehensively considers the factors such as material properties，constraints，load and contact relationship，and the effectiveness of the model is verified by carrying out dynamic experiments on the test bearing and comparing the rotational speed of the parts on the railway bearing comprehensive test rig. Through the dynamic simulation analysis of the bearings at different damage positions of the outer ring raceway，it is found that when there is something wrong with the bearing，the time interval between the two adjacent contact points between the roller and the raceway becomes larger，and the existence of the bearing fault will increase the contact force between the roller and the raceway，thus aggravating the damage of the bearing raceway. When the damage position is at 6 o'clock，it restrains the roller slip，and the increase of the roller slip rate will aggravate the uneven abrasion on the raceway surface；the greater the bearing speed，the more stable the cage runs；When the damage position is at 12 o'clock，it has little effect on the smooth operation of the cage.