The traditional Tuned Mass Damper （TMD） has many issues， such as large additional mass requirement， limited instal? lation space restrictions and large motion stroke required when the mass block vibrates. Based on the principle of translation-rota? tion mutual transformation and conservation of kinetic energy， the rotary inertia virtualizing translational mass based Tuned Mass Damper （RTMD） is proposed in this paper. The conceptual design of RTMD control system is carried out， and the motion equa? tion of RTMD control system is established with the reference of a single degree of freedom system. The influence law of RTMD control system parameters on the vibration control effect of structure is analyzed. It is discovered that the control effect is closely re? lated to the system’s physical mass ratio， inertial mass ratio， damping ratio， and such regulations can be applicable to general mul? tiple degrees of freedom systems. The correctness of the design parameters of the RTMD control system and the realizability of the control system are verified by shaking table test of the design model. The results of time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis show that the dynamic response obtained from shaking table test is consistent with the dynamic response of numerical simu? lation， which verifies the correctness of the established theoretical equations of RTMD control system.